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Water Affordability – Water Finance Center

Explore creative strategies, resources, and pricing structures for consumers and utilities to better understand and address the need for affordable drinking water and wastewater services.

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Engaging with the Community on Lead Service Lines

Information for water systems on how to keep their community engaged and informed on LSLR.

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Neighborhood Atlas®: Area Deprivation Index

The Area Deprivation Index includes factors like income, education, employment, and housing quality to generate rankings of neighborhoods by socioeconomic disadvantage at the state or national level.

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Disclosure of Information of Lead in Drinking Water in Real Estate Transactions

A compendium of examples where disclosure laws and ordinances have been adopted across the country.

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Identifying Funding Sources for Lead Service Line Replacement

This webpage features resources providing guidance on federal and funding sources for lead service line replacement and laws related to this funding.

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Changes to the Lead and Copper Rule: What Should Public Health Expect?

The National Center for Healthy Housing outlines how EPA’s updated Lead and Copper Rule mandates full lead service line replacement within 10 years, lowers the lead action level, and expands public education requirements—highlighting the critical role of public health agencies in community outreach and response.

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Factsheet: Notification of Known or Potential Service Line Containing Lead

EPA’s fact sheet outlines requirements under the 2021 Lead and Copper Rule Revisions.

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How new and expanded federal programs can deliver good jobs and environmental benefits

This user guide offers a comprehensive roadmap to help stakeholders leverage federal investments for infrastructure modernization, job creation, and environmental improvements across key sectors.

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From the ground up: A guide to replacing the nation’s toxic lead pipes over the next decade

This report provides best practices for lead service line replacement based on lessons learned from the Lead-Free Water Challenge.

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Memorandum: Implementation of the Clean Water and Drinking Water State

This memorandum provides information and guidelines on how EPA will award and administer SRF Capitalization Grants appropriated to the State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG) account in the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL), also known as the “Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021” (IIJA).

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Milwaukee is one of the few cities in the country with a prioritization plan to ensure neighborhoods likely to suffer the most severe impacts from lead poisoning get their pipes replaced first. In consultation with a community-based group, Coalition for Lead Emergency (COLE), and following a public engagement process, Milwaukee included in an ordinance three indicators to prioritize where LSLs will be removed first:

  1. The area deprivation index (ADI), which is a compilation of social determinants of health
  2. The percentage of children found to have elevated lead levels in their blood when tested for lead poisoning
  3. The density of lead service lines in the neighborhood.

Read more here.