NYC’s Lead-paint hazard abatement program requires proof that an apartment is lead free or that the owner complies with an abatement order. NYC Admin. Code § 27-2056.5 and § 27-2056.7.

Automatic enrollment has proven effective in utility upgrades like AMI—and applying the same model to lead service line replacement could streamline access, boost participation, and speed up progress.

EDF’s map spotlights lead service line replacement programs across the country, including financial assistance for private side replacements

This report found that lead pipe replacement programs in Washington, DC disproportionately benefited wealthier, predominantly white neighborhoods, leaving low-income and minority communities at greater risk of lead exposure due to the financial burden of replacing private service lines.

Wasau utilized a community-based public-private partnership approach for lead service line replacement.

In 2025, the New York legislature introduced a bill setting a 10 year timeline for the state to replace all lead service lines, requiring water utilities to cover the full cost of private-side LSLR, and enabling occupant-permitted consent, and for LSL. S.6892/A.7878.

In 2018 the state’s Lead and Copper Rule required water suppliers to annually remove an average of 5% of LSLs in their system, effectively setting a 20-year timeline (p. 2).

This contracting guide highlights key contracting components that utilities should consider including in their programs to ensure funding is utilized effectively.

The National Center for Healthy Housing outlines how EPA’s updated Lead and Copper Rule mandates full lead service line replacement within 10 years, lowers the lead action level, and expands public education requirements—highlighting the critical role of public health agencies in community outreach and response.

This policy brief highlights strategies that utilities and/or state agencies should consider adopting to make informed, holistic decisions when spending money on LSL programs.