Category: Case Study

Woman drinking a glass of water

New York Lead Pipe Right to Know Act

New York requires water systems to develop and submit service line inventories to the Department of Health, and for the department to make these inventories public. NY. Pub. Health Law § 1114-b.

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Property documents

Philadelphia’s landlord LSL disclosure

The City of Philadelphia requires landlords to disclose to tenants the presence of any known lead service lines and provide a pamphlet outlining ways to reduce the risk of lead exposure.

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Sellers disclosure

Illinois Residential Real Property Disclosure Act

The State of Illinois requires home sellers to disclose unsafe conditions relating to the presence of lead pipes. 765 ILCS §35.

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Presence of lead

New Jersey Residential Lead Plumbing Disclosure

State law requires property condition disclosure statements to include a question P.L. 2021, Ch. 264 §1 (b)(3).

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Property documents

Rhode Island requires disclosure of LSLs for home sales and rentals

Rhode Island law requires the disclosure of lead exposure hazards and potential lead exposure hazards in a residential dwelling, dwelling unit, or premise that is offered for sale or lease. R.I. Gen. Laws § 23-24.6-16

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House with piping below lead service line disclosure

Iowa legislature introduces a LSL real estate disclosure bill

In 2024, the Iowa legislature introduced a bill requiring that the presence of lead service lines be disclosed in real estate transactions. H.F. 442.

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Real estate transaction

Disclosure of Information of Lead in Drinking Water in Real Estate Transactions

A compendium of examples where disclosure laws and ordinances have been adopted across the country.

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Apprenticeship Program

Illinois Works Apprenticeship Initiative

The Illinois Works Apprenticeship Initiative requires that apprentices perform at least 10% of labor hours on public projects over $500,000 funded by state capital, promoting workforce development through state contracts, grants, and loans

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Woman drinking a glass of water

LSLR Financing Case Study: Green Bay, WI

The City of Green Bay used Lambeau Field stadium tax revenue to help pay for private lead service line replacement.

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Information for Utilities on Lead Service Replacement

Information for Utilities on Lead Service Replacement

Madison, WI replaced all lead service lines (private and public), using a program that reimbursed customers up to a fixed amount. Reimbursements were funded with revenue water tower antenna rental revenue.

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Milwaukee is one of the few cities in the country with a prioritization plan to ensure neighborhoods likely to suffer the most severe impacts from lead poisoning get their pipes replaced first. In consultation with a community-based group, Coalition for Lead Emergency (COLE), and following a public engagement process, Milwaukee included in an ordinance three indicators to prioritize where LSLs will be removed first:

  1. The area deprivation index (ADI), which is a compilation of social determinants of health
  2. The percentage of children found to have elevated lead levels in their blood when tested for lead poisoning
  3. The density of lead service lines in the neighborhood.

Read more here.